Study characteristics of the included papers
| Author/year | Country | Target population | Sample size and setting | Proposed intervention | Expected outcome(s) | Evaluation method |
| Villarreal 200927 | Republic of Panama | Patients with diabetes | Setting: Not reported Sample size: Not reported | mHealth: Mobile app for providing self-control | Self-control, patient monitoring, improving communication between patients and doctor | Not reported |
| Koutkias 201026 | Greece | Patients with chronic disease | Setting: Hypertension outpatient clinic Sample size: Not reported | eHealth: Body area network for providing home care services and increasing self-management | Home care service delivery, interoperability, extensibility, access to drug and patient information, access to care | Not reported |
| Beatty 201318 | USA | Patients with ischaemic heart disease | Setting: Not reported Sample size: Not reported | mHealth: A mobile app for improving access, increasing participation and improving outcomes in patients | Cost-effective, access to care, behaviour change, patient-centred health, reduce rates of rehospitalisation, increase participations | Randomised controlled trial |
| Dhillon 201324 | New Zealand | Senior health consumers | Setting: Not reported Sample size: 43 seniors aged 60–85 | Telehealth: Web-based system with a Facebook-like plug-in architecture for increasing patient motivation | Open and extensible system, social and emotional support, Feedback and motivation, access to care, cost-effective | Usability and effectiveness of the framework were evaluated via 6-level Likert scale |
| Beentjes 201523 | Netherland | Patients with severe mental illness | Setting: Inpatient/outpatient clinics Sample size: Not mentioned | eHealth: e-IMR programme for involving other important people, manage achieving personal recovery goals and reducing relapse | Access to care, cost-effective, | Cluster randomised controlled trial |
| Fico 201525 | Spain | Patients with diabetes | Setting: Not reported Sample size: Not reported | eHealth: A model for providing self-management | Cost-effective, maximised usability, user experience, patient engagement, self-management | Not reported |
| Gee 201519 | USA | Patients with chronic disease | Setting: Not reported Sample size: Not reported | eHealth: A model (using mobile devices) for providing self-management | Improving functional and clinical outcomes, patient-centred outcomes, access to care, access to data, | Not reported |
| Salisbury 201522 | UK | Patients with chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease and depression) | Setting: Not reported Sample size: 34 patients completed the questionnaire | Telehealth: A model for providing patient engagement (including care coordination, patient self-management, optimisation of treatment) | Health outcomes, access to care, patient experience, cost-effective | Randomised controlled trials |
| Schnall 201620 | USA | HIV prevention for high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) | Setting: Not reported Sample size: 5 focus groups with 33 targeted end-users. | mHealth (Mobile App) Mobile App for providing self-management | Behaviour change and self-management, cost-effective, Improving technology acceptance, access to care, to enhance usability, easing the doctor’s duty, usefulness, timesaving | User interface and system function of prototype, end-user usability |
| Wilhide 201621 | USA | Patients with chronic diseases (diabetes, epilepsy, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lupus, HER2 +breast cancer, and low back pain) | Setting: Not mentioned Sample size: Not reported | mHealth; Mobile App for providing self-management | Change healthcare service and self-management behaviour, access to care, cost-effective, user experience | Not reported |
| Greenhalgh 20179 | UK | Individuals/patients who abandon health technologies | Setting: Cardiology departments of hospital Sample size: Not reported | Telehealth: A model for predicting and evaluating the success of technology-supported health and social care programmes | Cost-effective, access to care, client self-refer, patient safety, ease of use, case management, | Not reported |