Table 1

Study characteristics

AuthorSettingStudy designNumber of Primary Care Providers (PCPs)CompositionNumber of patients
Jerome et al401 primary healthcare centre
Country: USA		Prospective observational137Attending and resident physicians*
de Lusignan et al23*Primary healthcare centres
Country: UK		Retrospective observational576**
de Lusignan et al2484 primary healthcare centres
Country: UK		Quasi-experimental25284 physicians
84 nurses
84 managers		~20 000
19 470 preintervention
19 784 postintervention
Pan et al252 family medicine residency training clinics
Country: USA		Quasi-experimental84 certified medical assistants
4 nurses		525 patients
279 preintervention
246 postintervention
Baer et al265 primary healthcare centres
Country: USA		Quasi-experimental**15 495
Mavigilia et al2718 outpatient clinics
Country: USA		Quasi-experimental359187 physicians
108 nurses
64 other		413 417
Kortteisto et al281 primary healthcare centre
Country: Finland		Randomised controlled trial4815 physicians
24 nurses
9 other		13 588
Nemeth et al298 primary healthcare centres
Country: USA		Mixed methods74*66 104
Kruse et al302 primary healthcare centres
Country: USA		Mixed methods3621 physicians
3 nurses
12 physician trainees		2894
Maddocks et al319 primary healthcare centres
Country: Canada		Randomised controlled trial24Physicians23 688
Davis et al321 primary healthcare centre
Country: USA		Retrospective observational36Residents360 patients
180 preintervention
180 postintervention
Sweeney et al331 primary healthcare centre
Country: Ireland		Randomised controlled trial1610 physicians
6 nurses		22 000

  • *Represent missing data.