| Balen 2004 | hospital pharmacists | Prior to introduction of an applied informatics program | • To identify pharmacist baseline computer skill needs | Vancouver, Canada | one multisite hospital | Data collected in 2001 |
Survey (84 questions, 9 domains):
Computer experience Computer anxiety Computer vocabulary Basic computer skills Communications Internet skills Clinical database information retrieval Access to computers Anticipated needs 55% response rate (n = 58)
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Variety of:
Access: home, work Skill levels: literate, not anxious, more training requested Use: internet searching, drug distribution systems, email, patient care systems, minimal office packages (presentation, statistics, and spreadsheet)
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| Bearman 2005 | community pharmacists | Web skills education programme: introduction to the internet; finding online information; introduction to evidence based pharmacy and assessing the quality of information; using internet technologies in daily practice | Pre: to investigate internet use and education needs
Post: to identify the benefits/weaknesses of an education programme | Victoria, Australia | Community pharmacy education | Data collected in 2002 | Pre:
Education intervention:
Post:
Survey: 16 quantitative questions plus 3 likes, dislikes, 3 changes in practice 93 completed quantitative 107 free text answers inductive analysis of qualitative data
| Focus group ( use of the Internet):
½ have access at work Email, search engines but not health specific portals/websites Variation in: technical knowledge and skills Barriers: negative attitude, lack of time, costs, lack of familiarity/expertise, difficulty finding information, resource issues Need: to gain confidence, desire for further education
Survey:
For most, course met expectation Average responses positive, ease of use, aims/objectives met, learning experience Significant online behaviour changes self-reported
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| Fox 2008 | Contacts at Schools of Pharmacy | Defines pharmacy informatics |
To identify/analyse current state to identify current competencies to develop core set of recomm-endations
| USA | Pharmacy education |
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Invitation letter followed by Two reminder emails 32 out of 89 schools of pharmacy responded (response rate 36%) with 25 providing syllabi four ‘not being taught’ three integrated in curriculum Syllabi reviewed against ACPE Standards 2007 Content used to develop foundational and core competencies
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| Gosling 2004 | AHPs | To identify awareness, use, perceived barriers to use and impact of point of care online information systems | • To provide baseline data for AHPs use of electronic evidence resources | Australia | Public hospital |
Data collected 2001–2 1997 state policy Part of CIAP evaluation
| Survey of:
Quantitative study Convenience sample of 790 staff from 65 hospitals Seven professions (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech pathologists, dieticians, clinical psychologists, pharmacists, social workers) Pre-piloted, 25 closed questions SPSS for rates, frequency, Chi-square comparison by profession, t-tests
| Concluded were the following:
A marked difference between professions (pharmacists highest; social workers lowest) A 90% agreed system had potential to improve patient care Facilitators to use: computer skills and easy access Barriers to use: lack of specific training and lack of time General computer skills training more effective in encouraging use than system specific training Social, organisational and professional support more important than system specific training
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