Table 1

Cohorts characteristics

TrainingValidation
VariablesMV non-COVID-19 cohortMV non-COVID-19 (training) cohortNon-COVID-19 (validation) cohortCOVID-19 cohortMV COVID-19 subcohort
n390531247815672803
Age, year, mean±SD65.0±14.765.0±14.865.3±14.460.80±17.262.1±13.9
Gender
Male, n (%)1741 (44.6)1437 (46)328 (42)2665 (47)319 (40)
Female, n (%)2164 (55.4)1686 (54)452 (58)3006 (53)484 (60)
Race or ethnicity
White, n (%)1015 (26)749 (24)249 (32)623 (11)177 (22)
Black, n (%)1718 (44)1405 (45)320 (41)2495 (44)345 (43)
Other, n (%)1171 (30)968 (31)210 (27)2552 (45)281 (35)
ARDS determination
PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤300, n (%)3211 (82.2)2579 (82.6)632 (80.9)617 (10.9)617 (77)
CXR interpretation
Yes (consistent with ARDS), n (%)1333 (34.1)35.4 (35.4)260 (33.3)565 (10)565 (82)
Indeterminant, n (%)313 (8.0)7.1 (7.1)60 (7.7)18 (.3)18 (2.2)
No (not consistent with ARDS), n (%)2259 (57.8)57.6 (57.6)461 (59)34 (.6)34 (4.2)
Risk factors
Aspiration, n (%)407 (10.4)10.3 (10.3)86 (11)
Shock, n (%)1520 (38.9)39.2 (39.2)299 (38.3)
Pneumonia, n (%)1530 (39.2)39.8 (39.8)288 (36.9)5672 (100)803 (100)
Sepsis, n (%)1885 (48.3)48.8 (48.8)362 (46.4)
Pancreatitis, n (%)42 (1.1)1.1 (1.1)9 (1.2)
Burn, n (%)3 (0.1)3 (0.1)0 (0)
Overdose, n (%)98 (2.5)2.5 (2.5)21 (2.7)
Transfusion, n (%)1191 (30.5)30.7 (30.7)232 (29.7)
Congestive heart failure, n (%)914 (23.4)23.6 (23.6)178 (22.8)
Presence of at least one risk factor, n (%)2739 (70.1)70.6 (70.6)362 (46.4)5672 (100)803 (100)
Clinical outcomes
Mechanically ventilated, n (%)39053124781803 (14.2)803
ARDS, n (%)1646 (42.2)1326 (42.4)320 (41.0)583 (10.3)583 (72.6)
In-hospital mortality, n (%)1033 (26.5)848 (27.1)185 (23.7)907 (16.0)418 (52.1)
ARDS or in-hospital mortality, n (%)2044 (52.3)1655 (53.0)389 (49.8)1235 (21.9)746 (92.9)
  • ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CXR, chest X-ray; FiO2, fractional inspired oxygen; MV, mechanically ventilated; PaO2, arterial oxygen tension.