@article {Emani149, author = {Srinivas Emani and Ellen Peters and Sonali Desai and Andrew S. Karson and Stuart R. Lipsitz and Rajani LaRocca and John Stone and Vlad Suric and Jonathan S. Wald and Amy Wheeler and Deborah H. Williams and David W. Bates}, title = {Perceptions of adopters versus non-adopters of a patient portal: an application of diffusion of innovation theory}, volume = {25}, number = {3}, pages = {149--157}, year = {2018}, doi = {10.14236/jhi.v25i3.991}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {Background Patient portals have emerged as an important tool through which patients can access online health information and engage in their health care. However, we know little about how patients perceive portals and whether patient perceptions might influence portal adoption.Objective Apply the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory to assess perceptions of adopters and non-adopters of a patient portal.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adopters and non-adopters of the portal. Our survey consisted of perceived attributes from the DOI theory, socio-demographic characteristics and patient perceptions of technology adoption.Results Three factors representing perceived attributes from DOI theory accounted for 73\% of the variance in the data: Factor 1 {\textendash} Relative Advantage (27\%); Factor 2 {\textendash} Ease of Use (24\%) and Factor 3 {\textendash} Trialability (22\%). Adopters perceived greater Relative Advantage [mean (SD)] = 3.8 (0.71) versus 3.2 (0.89), p \< 0.001, Ease of Use = 4.1 (0.71) versus 3.3 (0.95), p \< 0.001 and Trialability = 4.0 (0.57) versus 3.4 (0.99), p \< 0.001 than non-adopters. In multivariate modelling, age [OR = 3.75, 95\% CI: (2.17, 6.46), p \< 0.001] and income [OR = 1.87, 95\% CI: (1.17, 3.00), p \< 0.01] predicted adoption of the portal. Among DOI factors, Relative advantage predicted adoption of the portal [OR = 1.48, 95\% CI: (1.03, 2.11), p \< 0.05].Conclusion Patients will adopt a patient portal if they perceive it to offer a relative advantage over existing practices such as telephoning or visiting the doctor{\textquoteright}s office. Organisations seeking to increase the adoption of patient portals should implement strategies to promote the relative advantage of portals as, for example, through posters in waiting and exam rooms. A digital divide in the adoption of patient portals may exist with respect to age and income.}, URL = {https://informatics.bmj.com/content/25/3/149}, eprint = {https://informatics.bmj.com/content/25/3/149.full.pdf}, journal = {BMJ Health \& Care Informatics} }