Article Text
PDF
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to identify and characterise the health and social care membership of the British Computer Society (BCS), an international informatics professional organisation, and to determine their ongoing development needs.
Methods A prepiloted online survey included items on professional regulatory body, job role, work sector, qualifications, career stage, BCS membership (type, specialist group/branch activity (committees, event attendance)), use of BCS.org career planning/continuing professional development (CPD) tools, self-reported digital literacy and other professional registrations. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics in JASP V.0.9.2 to report frequencies and correlations.
Results Responses were received from 152 participants. Most were male (n=103; 68%), aged 50–59 years (n=41; 28%), working in England (n=107; 71%) with master’s or honours degrees (n=80; 53%). Most were either new (5 years or less; n=61; 40%) or long-term members (21 years or more; n=43; 28%) of BCS. Most were not interested in health specialist groups (n=57; 38%) preferring non-health specialist groups such as information management (n=54; 37%) and project management (n=52; 34%).
Discussion This is the first paper to characterise the health and social care membership of an IT-focused professional body and to start to determine their CPD needs. There are further challenges ahead in curating the content and delivery.
Conclusion This study is the starting point from which members’ CPD needs, and ongoing interest, in being recognised as health and social care professional members, can be acknowledged and explored. Further research is planned with the participants who volunteered to be part of designing future CPD content and delivery.
- BCS health
- BMJ health informatics
- health care sector
- informatics
Data availability statement
Data are available upon reasonable request.
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Summary
What is already known?
British Computer Society (BCS), The Chartered Institute for IT, does not interrogate membership data to determine which of its members identify as health and social care professionals.
Therefore, BCS cannot fulfil its responsibility to identify members’ relevant continuing professional development (CPD) needs and offers the right opportunities to support their career aspirations.
What does this paper add?
This study has identified and characterised the BCS membership segment who self-identified as health and social care professionals and articulated their CPD needs, and ongoing interest, in being recognised as specialists.
Further research is planned with the participants who volunteered to be part of ongoing research designing future CPD content and modes of delivery.
Introduction
The British Computer Society (BCS), The Chartered Institute for IT, has a long and distinguished history since it was established in 1957 with a membership over 60 000 across 150 countries.1 The royal charter made the BCS a charity ‘responsible for raising the standards of IT education, professionalism, ethics and practice' while ‘making IT good for society’. Built on five pillars of: (1) sharing expertise, (2) improving education, (3) influencing practice, (4) driving standards and (5) supporting careers, its membership is now drawn from professions as diverse as the technologies which underpin society including health and social care.2
During the COVID-19 pandemic, BCS ran a campaign to celebrate IT professionals as ‘vITal workers’ keeping society connected and informed.3 Efforts to manage COVID-19 outbreaks relied on advanced coordinated technologies; the health data scientists and bioinformaticians used digital analytics tools; ordinary citizens relied on digital tools and connectivity for work and education and the health and social care professionals transformed their practice while honing their digital literacy to continue and offer optimal (digital) healthcare services.4
The Topol Review, published in 2019, focused on ‘preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future’.5 Building a digitally ready workforce (BDRW) has been an ongoing strategy for the National Health Services (NHS) across the devolved home nations of the UK (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) and increasingly considered for social and care workers too. The review proposed three principles: (1) that patients should be partners in decisions about their health aided by health technologies; (2) that the healthcare workforce needs expertise and guidance to evaluate new technologies and (3) that adoption of new technologies should give health and care professionals ‘the gift of time to care’.5 Three technologies were specifically mentioned: (1) artificial intelligence (AI); (2) genomics and (3) digital medicine . The review emphasised the importance of a digitally competent health and social care workforce which understands data-driven technologies and is ‘digitally confident, digitally aware and digitally literate’. It described new disciplines that were likely to emerge such as higher specialist scientists, knowledge management, AI and robotics engineering, digital health technicians, bioinformaticians and digital technologists.5
In anticipation of, and catering for, the learning needs of an emerging workforce, the BCS planned an internal audit to articulate the provision and needs of current members who work in the health and social care arena. The main objective was to identify appropriate learning scaffolding frameworks and provision of ‘in house’ continuing professional development (CPD) content, which fit the lifelong learning ethos. However, it became clear at an early stage that the organisation does not have, nor is it set to retrospectively collect, data on professional roles or sectors of its membership. It is, therefore, unaware which of their members identify as health and social care professionals. These data are critical in understanding professional learning needs and how to address them.
A 2020 scoping review of 1.5 million registrants identified 32 healthcare professional job titles in the UK.6 Each associated with one of the nine regulatory bodies each of which has a different length of CPD cycle (General Optical Council refers to continuing education and training (CET) rather than CPD) ranging from 1 year to 5 years.6
An earlier 2019 report, prepared by ‘The Interprofessional CPD and Lifelong Learning UK Working Group’, identified five principles for CPD and lifelong learning for the health and social care sector.7 Principle 1 stated that it would be each person’s responsibility and be made possible and supported by their employer; principle 2 stated that it would benefit service users; principle 3 stated that it would improve the quality of service delivery; principle 4 stated that it would be balanced and relevant and finally, principle 5 stated that it would be recorded and show the effect on each person’s area of practice. However, little is included regarding digital (n=0) or informatics (n=0) or technology (n=2) but it calls on professional bodies and trade unions, employers and ‘the wider system’ to promote CPD to improve the quality of service delivery.7
In contrast, a most recent commissioned report published in The Lancet considered the future of health and care service post-COVID-19, although 64 pages in length, featured many of these key terms numerous times: digital (n=74), informatics (n=0), technology (n=86) and health (n=1539), social (n=251) and care (n=954).8 The report names: Health Education England and the Department of Health and Care; National Health Service Education for Scotland; Health Education and Improvement Wales and Northern Ireland Department of Health responsible for health workforce planning.8
There are key skills and competencies frameworks for health and care9–15 which have started to include variations on technical efficiency, informatics competence or similar. It may still take a leap of faith to compare, combine or critically appraise such frameworks against the BCS SFIAplus V.7, a task which is outwith the scope of this study.16 17 The Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) which, being generic, may lack alignment given health (n=0), social (n=0) and care (n=0) do not feature in SFIAplus.16 17
Given reports that the health and social care professions account for almost 1 in 10 jobs in the UK18 and in the aftermath of COVID-19 the rapid digitisation of the sector, the BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, needs to act now. BCS has a responsibility to identify and engage those working with digital health or ehealth or technology enabled care or with health informatics interests and recognise the potential for hybrid career paths which may have specialised CPD needs.19
Aim of study
Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the health and social care membership of BCS and to determine their CPD needs.
Methods
Design and methods
A quantitative cross-sectional online survey was designed based on a literature review and interviews with key stakeholders (36 representatives of health and social care professions, BCS members, BCS staff).
Setting
The BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, is the UK’s professional body for computing including health and care informatics. The membership represents a broad spectrum of IT professionals but does not currently collect data on employment sector so cannot target relevant communications.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
The survey was open to all BCS members who self-identified as health or social care professionals.
Data collection tools
The survey was reviewed for face and content validity within the research team before piloting with five key stakeholders who had previously taken part in a related interview. The survey was hosted online by BCS and shared with the whole membership by email inviting participation by anyone self-identifying as a health or social care professional. Two reminders were sent. The link to the survey was also promoted in newsletters, on social media and with BCS specialist groups.
Questions asked were related to: professional regulatory body, job role or title, work sector, highest qualification, career stage, BCS membership (type, years since enrolled, specialist group interests and branch activity (committees, event attendance)) and use of BCS.org career planning and CPD tools, self-reported digital literacy and other professional registrations. An open text question, which is reported elsewhere, asked what CPD content the sector wanted BCS to provide. The survey was anonymous but participants had the opportunity to opt in to further involvement including: to be recognised by BCS as a health and social care professional, take part in a follow-up interview and join a consensus panel to design/decide on BCS CPD provision for the health and social care membership.
Data collection
The survey was open from 13 January to 16 March 2021. Completion of the survey was taken as informed consent.
Data analysis
Only the quantitative data from the survey are reported in this article. These were analysed using descriptive statistics in JASP V.0.9.2, the open source statistical programme, to report frequencies and correlations.
Results
Responses were received from 152 participants which is a tiny proportion of the 60 000 international membership. As per table 1, most were male (n=103; 68%) with the highest proportion in the 50–59 years age bracket (n=41; 28%) and working in England (n=107; 71%). This educated workforce reported their highest qualification gained as foundation degree level (n=37; 24%), master’s or honours degree level (n=80; 53%) or doctoral level (n=19; 13%). Many were also members or registered with one or more professionally recognised organisations including BCS Federation of Informatics Professionals (FED-IP; n=23; 16%) or the Institute of Engineering/Chartered Engineer (n=18; 12%) or Registered IT Technician (n=16; 11%). However, more than half (n=81; 55%) were not. The majority considered themselves to be mid-career (n=64; 42%) with few early in their career (n=20; 14%). The survey attracted participation from a sizeable group of retired IT professionals (n=32; 21%) and those looking towards retirement (n=36; 24%). Most were professional members of the BCS (MBCS; n=67; 44%) or chartered IT professionals (n=23; 15%); very few were student members of BCS (n=9; 6%). A quarter of the respondents’ BCS membership was through their employment organisation (n=37; 25%) with the majority holding individual membership (n=113; 75%). The number of years of membership was dominated by new (5 years or less; n=61; 40%) or long-term membership (21 years or more; n=43; 28%).
Demographics and BCS membership (N=152)
In table 2, there was representation from the Nursing and Midwifery Council (n=13; 9%), Health and Care Professions Council (n=8; 5%), the General Medical Council (n=6; 4%) with few responses from the General Dental Council, General Pharmaceutical Council or Social Work England (each n=2; 1%) and Social Care Wales (n=1; 1%) is shown. There was no participation from the General Chiropractic Council, General Optical Council, General Osteopathic Council, Northern Ireland Social Care Council, Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland, Scottish Social Services Council or Scottish Care. A large proportion was not associated with any health and social care regulatory body (n=91; 61%).
Regulatory bodies and employment sectors (N=152)
Respondents worked in multiple sectors which, for most, were NHS based (n=110; 73%) or corporate IT (n=33; 22%). Although low in numbers, the breadth of sectors was demonstrated with residential and day care for older people (n=5; 3%), adults (n=3; 2%) and children (n=3; 2%) as well as housing support (n=2; 1%) and care at home (n=6; 4%).
Survey respondents were associated with a range of BCS specialist groups and branch committees (table 3). While primary care was the most frequently indicated (n=44; 29%), a larger proportion was not interested in any of these specialist groups (n=57; 38%). A similar proportion was interested in non-health specialist groups such as information management (n=54; 37%) and project management (n=52; 34%). Overall, although participants self-identified as health and social care professionals, many indicated more interest in non-health specialist groups.
Interest in health and other BCS specialist groups and branch committees (N=152)
In relation to branch committee membership, more than a third were unaware of the opportunity (n=52; 34%) with just over a fifth either a current (n=21; 14%) or past (n=11; 7%) branch committee member.
Table 4 gauges the digital literacy of the participants which in most topic areas is ‘confident and capable’ with the exception of ‘creation, innovation and research’ which dips to ‘can use’ (n=52; 36%) and awareness ‘know’ (n=26; 18%). There is still a sizeable proportion who describe themselves as an ‘expert user’ particularly noticeable for the topic area ‘information, data and content’ (n=35; 23%) and ‘technical proficiency’ (n=29;19%).
What is your level of digital literacy in relation to the topic areas listed below?
When asked which recent BCS Health and Care webinar titles most appealed (table 5), participants found ‘data enabled technologies and services in health and social care’ most appealing (n=57; 38%). This was the case for both retired and looking towards retirement (n=24/68; 35.3%) and other earlier career stages (n=33/84; 39.3%). Second most popular was ‘building a digitally ready workforce in health and social care’ (n=46; 34%). While the appeal of ‘ethics and AI’ and ‘co-creating digital medicine technologies’ were unclear, participants found ‘a framework for genomic leadership’ least appealing (n=74; 63%). Again, this ‘least appealing’ topic was the case for retired and looking towards retirement (31/68; 45.6%) and earlier career stages (43/84; 51.2%).
Which of these example webinar event titles most appeals to you?
Discussion
This is the first paper to characterise the health and social care membership of BCS and to start to determine the CPD needs of this diverse population. From the results, participants form a ‘digitally confident, digitally aware and digitally literate’5 group meeting the target competencies identified in the Topol Review,5 Karas et al’s review,6 Broughton et al’s report7 and the competencies frameworks from across the health and social care professions and the home nations.9–15 It is clear that the trajectory is towards BDRW which may have gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic.8 20–23 Whether that momentum of improving digital competency can be continued post COVID-19, with a workforce which has been overwhelmed during the pandemic, remains to be seen. It should be also be noted that the three technologies highlighted in the Topol Review as important for the future of health and social care, namely AI, genomics and digital medicine, were the least popular webinar topics for this group of respondents.5
BCS do not collect data on professional roles or sectors. They do not know which of their members identify as health and social care professionals, so consideration needs to be given to inviting the membership to share details which can be the foundation for targeting relevant CPD opportunities. Not only would that provide insight into the 37 listed professions6 7 but also into the relevant regulatory and professional bodies so BCS can complement rather than replicate their CPD offering.
The recent Lancet paper8 names: Health Education England and Department of Health and Care; National Health Service Education for Scotland; Health Education and Improvement Wales and Northern Ireland Department of Health as responsible for health workforce planning. This highlights further opportunities for meaningful collaboration to grow the range of CPD on offer. Globally, the challenge has been highlighted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in their 2021 report into ‘Empowering the Health Workforce’.16 The OECD states that, ‘To meet the current demand for digital upskilling, the CPD and other professional training schemes should become a shared responsibility between employers, professional organisations, and ministries of health’.16
It may still take a leap of faith to compare, combine or critically appraise the many frameworks9–15 against the BCS SFIAplus V.717 18 but this task is outwith the scope of this study. There are many other players in the CPD arena, such as the NHS Digital Academy24 25 and, for this mainly highly educated group of professionals, wider options provided by over 80 MSc courses in health data sciences, analytics and informatics.20 Certainly, OECD notes that ‘the pace of changes has been particularly slow with regard to whether and how the CPD and other on the job training include digital health content’.16
But, the obstacle is that BCS currently do not know how to meaningfully identify and support their health and social care professional membership with their CPD, CET or lifelong learning needs. It was interesting to note and useful for people organising events and content that participants from all career stages showed commonality in the webinar topics which most and least appealed to them. It is also unclear from the results whether the health and social care professional really understands who and what the BCS is, the purpose of BCS, how BCS can support the breadth of health and social care professionals and what it can offer. If BCS is to support the hybrid careers of health and social care professionals by providing relevant CPD, it must first identify the segment of the membership.
With the BCS FED-IP reporting six themes in their ‘Becoming the Profession’26 as: (1) Recognition; (2) CPD; (3) Accreditation, Education and Training, (4) Career Guidance and Support, (5) Networking and (6) Simplifying the Landscape, there is clear alignment with the results of this report plus interest and willingness to explore this complexity.27 However, there is a lot more to be done in engaging meaningfully with the health and social care professionals and their communities of practice, to optimise across the relevant organisations the CPD offering to each is best situated to provide.
Limitations
The participants self-identified as health and social care professionals but many were not registered with a regulatory body. Moreover, the characteristics of the sample are very different to the population of mainly female staff working in health and social care settings. This raises questions around shared understanding of whom among the membership fit the BCS target group. This lack of a denominator also makes it impossible to calculate a response rate but clearly higher participation would be helpful in achieving generalisability. If BCS were to give the applicant the opportunity to share their professional and role details on registration or during an annual review, the role BCS could fulfil with regard to CPD would be much simpler to follow-up and action. A strength of the study is the adoption of the Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies.28
Conclusion
In conclusion, BCS has a responsibility to provide its members with the CPD content that is relevant to their career path and aspirations. To date, BCS has not been able to target the health and social care segment of the membership. This study has identified and characterised that segment of professionals who self-identified, and have indicated, their CPD needs and ongoing interest in being recognised by BCS as health and social care professionals with BCS membership. Further research is planned with the participants who volunteered to be part of ongoing research for designing future CPD content and delivery.
Data availability statement
Data are available upon reasonable request.
Ethics statements
Patient consent for publication
Ethics approval
This study involved human participants but ethical approval was not explicitly sought as it is included in the legal and privacy notices for British Computer Society (BCS) members (https://www.bcs.org/legal-and-privacy-notices/). The BCS Data Privacy Notice on ‘how we use your personal data’ includes provision of ‘surveys, information about authors' awards and events, offers and promotions, related to the products and/or services’. The survey was reviewed by BCS community team and BCS Health and Care Executive. Voluntary completion of the survey was taken as participant informed consent. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part. In addition, the study was deemed retrospectively, to be a service evaluation exempt from Research Ethics Committee review.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge those who initiated the design of the research, helped to pilot the study and took part in the face and content validity and staff at British Computer Society headquarters who hosted and distributed the survey. Most of all the authors thank those who took the time to participate in the study.
Footnotes
Twitter @katiemaclure
Contributors SL and WD: conceived and gained funding, kept oversight of the project, commented on design of data collection and analysis and critically revised versions of the paper. KM and AM: designed and conducted data collection and analysis and wrote the initial draft of the paper, which was revised by KM. All authors approved the final version for which KM acts as guarantor for the conduct and publication of its' content.
Funding This research was funded by the BCS Health and Care Executive.
Competing interests KM, SL and WD are members of the British Computer Society Health and Care Executive. Otherwise, they have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.